On March 11, 2011, the world witnessed one of the most devastating natural disasters in modern history: the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan. This catastrophic event not only reshaped the physical landscape of northeastern Japan but also left deep emotional, economic, and social impacts that continue to influence global disaster preparedness and energy policy today. The tragedy remains a powerful reminder of nature’s unpredictable force and the resilience of human communities in the face of unimaginable destruction. The disaster began at 2:46 p.m. local time when a massive 9.0-magnitude undersea megathrust earthquake struck off the coast of Honshu, Japan’s largest island. It was one of the most powerful earthquakes ever recorded and the strongest in Japan’s long earthquake-prone history. The epicenter was located about 70 kilometers east of the Oshika Peninsula, at a depth of approximately 30 kilometers beneath the Pacific Ocean. The seismic rupture stretched for hundreds...